Securely Deploying and Running Multiple Tenants on Kubernetes

Kubernetes has become the backbone of modern cloud native applications, and as adoption grows, organizations increasingly seek to consolidate workloads and resources by running multiple tenants within the same Kubernetes infrastructure. These tenants could be internal teams, or departments within a company that share a Kubernetes cluster for development and production. Alternatively, they could be external clients, which are SaaS providers hosting customer workloads on shared infrastructure.

While multitenancy offers cost efficiency and centralized management, it also introduces security and operational challenges. The three considerations users must take into account include:

  • How do you ensure strong isolation between tenants?
  • How do you manage resources and prevent one tenant from affecting another?
  • How do you meet regulatory and compliance requirements?

To address these concerns, practitioners have three primary options for deploying multiple tenants securely on Kubernetes. Here, we will dive into the three options and outline the main considerations for each.

How to Deploy Multiple Tenants on Kubernetes

Namespace-Based Isolation with Network Policies, RBAC and Security Controls

Namespaces are Kubernetes’ built-in mechanism for logical isolation. This approach uses:

  • Namespaces: Logical boundaries for separating tenant workloads.
  • RBAC (Role-Based Access Control): Restricts tenant access to their namespace and resources.
  • Network policies: Controls ingress and egress traffic between pods and namespaces.
  • Resource quotas: Limits CPU, memory and other resources to prevent noisy neighbors.

Advantages include cost-effectiveness, as tenants share the cluster infrastructure. What’s more, this approach is simple to manage with centralized operations within a single cluster. Limitations include security risks if misconfigurations occur in RBAC or network policies.

Below is a deeper dive with additional considerations when it comes to the Namespace-Based Isolation approach.

  • Isolation Level: Logical isolation using namespaces, RBAC and network policies. Relies on proper configuration.
  • Security: Vulnerabilities in shared components (such as API server) or misconfigured policies can lead to breaches.
  • Resource Contention: All tenants share cluster resources like nodes and control planes, leading to potential resource contention.
  • Scalability: Adding new tenants requires creating a new namespace and applying policies within the existing cluster.
  • Cost: Shared cluster resources reduce infrastructure and operational costs.
  • Operational Complexity: Single cluster to manage, but requires careful configuration of namespaces, RBAC and network policies.
  • Performance Isolation: Tenants share control plane and node resources, potentially affecting performance during resource spikes.
  • Management Overhead: Centralized control over tenants within one cluster.

Cluster-Level Isolation

The cluster-level isolation approach assigns each tenant a dedicated Kubernetes cluster, ensuring complete physical or virtual isolation. Tools like Rancher, Google Anthos and AWS EKS simplify managing multiple clusters.

Advantages of this approach include strong isolation, as tenants do not share any cluster components. The levels of security are also high, with no risk of cross-tenant data leakage or resource contention. 

Limitations exist, however, such as high cost: each cluster incurs control plane and node costs. Additional limitations include operational complexity and scalability challenges. Managing, upgrading and monitoring multiple clusters is resource-intensive, and provisioning new clusters can delay tenant onboarding.

Here are more details and considerations with regard to the Cluster-Level Isolation approach.

  • Isolation Level: Physical or virtual isolation; no shared cluster components.
  • Security: High security, as one tenant’s vulnerabilities do not affect others.
  • Resource Contention: Dedicated resources for each tenant ensure no resource interference or contention.
  • Scalability: Adding new tenants requires provisioning and managing new clusters, making scalability limited.
  • Cost: Separate clusters increase infrastructure, operational and monitoring costs.
  • Operational Complexity: Managing multiple clusters adds significant operational overhead and requires specialized tools.
  • Performance Isolation: Performance is isolated due to dedicated clusters.
  • Management Overhead: Separate control planes and clusters increase management overhead.

Virtual Clusters

Virtual clusters provide tenant-specific control planes within a shared physical cluster. Each tenant gets their virtual Kubernetes environment while sharing the worker nodes and physical infrastructure.

Advantages include strong logical isolation, meaning that tenant workloads operate independently. This approach is also cost efficient, as shared worker nodes reduce infrastructure costs. Another advantage is scalability, as virtual clusters can be provisioned quickly–often in seconds.

Limitations include higher complexity due to infrastructure-level isolation compared to namespace-based isolation, and performance impact if worker nodes are over-committed.

The list below includes additional considerations with the Virtual Clusters approach.

Virtual Clusters

  • Isolation Level: Each tenant gets a virtual Kubernetes cluster running inside a shared physical cluster.
  • Security: Virtual clusters provide tenant-specific control planes, reducing risk of cross-tenant issues.
  • Resource Contention: Shared worker nodes but isolated control planes reduce contention for control-plane-related operations.
  • Scalability: New virtual clusters can be provisioned quickly within the existing physical cluster.
  • Cost: Shared infrastructure reduces costs compared to physical clusters but higher than namespace isolation.
  • Operational Complexity: Centralized management simplifies operations compared to physical clusters, but still involves managing virtual clusters.
  • Performance Isolation: Control planes are isolated; however, shared worker nodes affect performance.
  • Management Overhead: Simplified management compared to physical clusters but more overhead than namespaces.

What Are the Implications of Leaving Multitenancy Unaddressed?

Implementing a robust multitenancy strategy is critical. Failing to do so can lead to devastating consequences in terms of security, compliance, and operational inefficiencies. Specific issues include:

  • Security breaches: Misconfigurations in shared clusters can allow one tenant to access another’s workloads or data.
  • Resource contention: A single tenant can monopolize shared resources, degrading performance for others.
  • Non-compliance: Inadequate isolation can result in failure to meet regulatory requirements like HIPAA or PCI-DSS.
  • Operational inefficiency: Poorly designed multitenancy increases management overhead and risks cluster downtime.

Secure multitenancy in Kubernetes is essential for maintaining the security posture of Kubernetes clusters for compliance and security requirements. Multitenancy consolidates workloads and resources efficiently and saves money with centralized management, but introduces significant security and operational challenges that must be addressed through best practices such as namespace-based isolation or secure deployment of virtual clusters. 

Failing to properly secure multitenancy can lead to compliance violations and security gaps, making implementing robust security measures and isolation techniques paramount for maintaining a secure and efficient multitenant environment in Kubernetes.

# # # 

Author Bio

Ratan Tipirneni is President & CEO at Tigera, where he is responsible for defining strategy, leading execution, and scaling revenues. Ratan is an entrepreneurial executive with extensive experience incubating, building, and scaling software businesses from early stage to hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue. He is a proven leader with a track record of building world-class teams.

 

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Unlocking the Power of Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Environments

Cloud services have revolutionized the way businesses operate, delivering instant access to data, applications and resources at the touch of a mouse. Accessibility through a mix of public cloud services, SaaS applications, private clouds, and on-premises infrastructure has become the norm, helping companies to operate with greater agility, scale faster and reduce IT costs. It should come as no surprise, then, that 90% of organizations are predicted to adopt a hybrid cloud approach by 2027. 

As beneficial as hybrid and multi-cloud environments are, however, they present their own fair share of challenges—particularly when it comes to security, management, and cost control. 

Remote and hybrid workforces—made largely commonplace in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic —have cast a light on the complexity of multi-cloud adoption, raising important questions about how best to navigate latent connectivity concerns, security and data privacy risks and cloud management strategy, among others. As businesses continue to make this shift, it’s critical to consider the unique nuances of a hybrid deployment and leverage infrastructure and resources that proactively address these challenges while simultaneously delivering the efficiencies and advantages that we’ve come to expect from multi-cloud environments. 

The Hidden Cybersecurity Threats in Hybrid Environments

Cyber threats thrive in complex, multi-cloud environments. With workloads spread across different platforms—each with its own security protocols—gaps are inevitable. In fact, 61% of organizations reported experiencing cloud security incidents in 2024. 

For organizations operating in flexible multi-cloud environments, one security flaw or oversight can quickly overshadow any agility benefits. Misconfigured cloud settings, insufficient encryption, and weak identity and access controls, for example, can introduce significant risks into a hybrid cloud ecosystem. Poorly managed permissions can expose sensitive data to unauthorized users, while unprotected data moving between clouds can become vulnerable if not safeguarded properly. Not to mention gaps in identity management systems, which can lead to account takeovers and data breaches.

Unfortunately, we see these scenarios too often. The dangers of an ill-secured cloud environment, as recently evidenced by a newsworthy ransomware attack, call attention to the need for standardized multi-cloud security protocols to ensure careful and consistent protection of corporate data, whether it sits in a public cloud, private data center, or cloud-based web application or is traversing the gateways of all three. 

Cloud security risks like these are particularly concerning for companies operating in highly regulated environments, where stringent compliance requirements, such as HIPAA (healthcare) and GLBA (banking), demand that organizations implement, review and maintain security controls and procedures to protect sensitive information. With over 80% of data breaches involving data stored in the cloud, the stakes are high. Organizations in these industries must be vigilant in managing their cloud environments to avoid significant compliance penalties as well as legal, financial and reputational consequences.

Balancing Cost Efficiency with Performance in Hybrid Cloud Environments

Although the emergence of the cloud initially led to a flurry of cost-savings as businesses transitioned from hefty on-premise infrastructure investments to predictable OpEx-driven budgets, the growing complexity of hybrid and multi-cloud environments has begun to re-introduce cost challenges. Managing multiple cloud providers and integrating various platforms can lead to unexpected expenses across cloud services, such as underutilized resources, data transfer fees, and disparate pricing models. In 2024 alone, 69% of IT professionals reported budget overruns within their organization’s cloud spending.

To effectively manage these costs, businesses need a solution that simplifies the complexity of connecting and managing diverse cloud environments. This singular approach, by way of a managed connectivity solution, can not only ensure better resource allocation but also reduce the overhead associated with managing multiple cloud and ISP providers. Implementing a centralized, flexible cloud connectivity solution can significantly streamline operations, optimize spending, and pave the way for more secure and scalable cloud architectures.

Optimizing Multi-Cloud Connectivity for Security and Scalability

Think of managed connectivity as the backbone of any secure and effective hybrid or multi-cloud environment. Operating as a private, scalable, and redundant multi-cloud connectivity solution, it acts as a “glue”, providing businesses with a centralized hub through which they can build secure, direct connections to public clouds, SaaS applications, data centers, and office sites. 

Consider these benefits: 

  • No need to rely on the slow, costly process of purchasing individual ISP lines to each cloud provider or site. Managed connectivity streamlines the process, enabling faster deployment and cutting down on latency.
  • No need to predict the specific capacity requirements for each cloud provider or location. Multi-cloud connectivity means one flexible connection dynamically scales as new cloud services are added, simplifying access and cutting down on unnecessary costs. 
  • No internal training or management needed. Managed connectivity solutions are operated by experienced IT service providers who not only handle initial deployment and connect you to the cloud services you need, but take on the responsibility of ISP vendor management, further easing your administrative burden of IT.

Enhancing Business Growth through Effective Cloud Connectivity

Hybrid and multi-cloud environments offer incredible benefits and will continue to do so as the future of digital transformation unfolds. But managing a complex cloud architecture effectively requires not only considering your business as it stands today, but future-proofing your environment in a meaningful way that that simplifies security, reduces complexity, and helps control costs without sacrificing performance. 

To ensure lasting success, businesses operating within hybrid or multi-cloud ecosystems should consider the value managed connectivity solutions can offer to enable more secure, scalable and manageable cloud operations. Relying on a trusted IT partner with the knowledge and expertise to design, implement, and manage a multi-cloud strategy will ultimately reduce headaches and allow businesses to concentrate on core operations and growth. 

About Mike Fuhrman

Mike Fuhrman is CEO of Omega Systems and has more than 30 years of operations, product development and leadership experience in the IT industry. He leverages his deep knowledge of business operations and his passion for technology to foster an environment that helps customers, employees and organizations thrive. Mike is a veteran of the U.S. Air Force and a graduate of The Citadel, where he is a current member of the executive advisory board for the School of Engineering.

 

 

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Edge computing: Unlocking opportunities while navigating cyber security risk

Global investment in edge computing is expected to rise to close to US$400bn by 2028, meaning this market will have almost doubled in just five years. For sectors where secure, reliable data processing is vital to critical decision-making harnessing the benefits while also managing the inherent risks will be essential, according to a report from Allianz Commercial.

Cloud computing has long been the foundation of modern IT infrastructures, offering businesses flexible, scalable solutions for data storage and processing. Over the past decade, the cloud has enabled organizations to outsource the maintenance and management of IT resources. But as businesses generate ever increasing volumes of data, largely driven by the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud infrastructures are struggling to keep pace.

Edge computing was developed as a solution to these challenges. By processing data at or near the source, it reduces latency, alleviates bandwidth constraints, and enhances data security. Edge computing is not a replacement for cloud computing; rather, it is a complementary solution that decentralizes some computing tasks. In this hybrid model, edge devices are responsible for preliminary data processing and analysis, while the cloud remains the primary location for long-term storage, advanced analytics, and larger-scale data aggregation.

Edge computing is set to be a game-changer in the world of data processing, offering significant benefits in terms of performance, efficiency, and real-time capabilities. The adoption of edge computing presents new opportunities for industries to enhance customer experiences, improve risk management, and offer more personalized products. However, the transition towards decentralized data processing also presents a range of new challenges, particularly in the context of cyber security.

Competitive advantages

For businesses in sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, retail, and finance, the ability to process data locally provides a competitive advantage, according to the report.

In the manufacturing sector, edge computing facilitates real-time monitoring of production lines, enabling operators to respond rapidly to potential issues. This results in reduced downtime, increased efficiency and, ultimately, cost savings. The capacity to act on real-time data is of particular importance in industries where even a few seconds of delay can result in significant losses.

In the healthcare sector, edge computing is transforming the way patients are monitored in real-time and how diagnostics are conducted. The generation of data from wearable devices and smart medical equipment can be processed ‘at the edge’, providing healthcare providers with instant feedback and improving patient outcomes. With telemedicine, real-time processing of health metrics enables doctors to make prompt decisions, which is crucial in emergency situations.

Edge computing is also proving beneficial for retailers and financial institutions. In the retail sector, edge computing is facilitating the delivery of personalized customer experiences through the processing of data at the point of sale, enabling the provision of real-time product recommendations and dynamic pricing adjustments. In financial services, edge computing can improve fraud detection and speed up transaction processing, enhancing both security and customer satisfaction. Among the specific benefits for the insurance industry and its customers are faster claims processing, more accurate pricing, and enhanced customer engagement.

Navigating cyber security risks and liability challenges

Despite its advantages, edge computing introduces significant cyber security risks, the report also notes. Its decentralized nature increases the attack surface, potentially making devices more vulnerable to breaches, data theft, and disruptions. Meanwhile, liability determination in edge environments is particularly complex. Responsibility for breaches often spans device manufacturers, software providers, and users. 

Edge computing frequently involves processing data across multiple geographic regions, each with its own set of regulatory requirements. Meeting these diverse regulations, such as GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in Europe or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the US, can be complex. Organizations must develop comprehensive data governance strategies to guarantee that data processed is protected in accordance with local laws.

Edge computing is unlocking unprecedented opportunities across industries, empowering organizations to process data closer to the source, drive real-time decision-making, and create more efficient, secure, and personalized experiences for customers, ultimately transforming the way businesses operate and innovate.

To learn more, download Allianz Commercial’s edge computing report here.

Rishi Baviskar is Global Head of Cyber Risk Consulting at global insurer Allianz Commercial, based in London.

Mehdi Meyer is a Cyber Risk Consultant at global insurer Allianz Commercial, based in Paris.

 

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The Hidden Crisis in Non-Human Identity: Why Your Security Strategy Needs an Overhaul

While organizations have spent years fortifying human identity security, a critical vulnerability has been growing in our digital infrastructure. For every human identity in today’s enterprise, there are now approximately 50 machine identities operating in the shadows. These non-human identities (NHIs) – from API keys to service accounts, from certificates to automation bots – have become a major security weakness that many organizations overlook.

The string of high-profile breaches, including incidents at Okta, Cloudflare, and the Internet Archive, all share a common thread: compromised machine identities. Yet many organizations continue to treat NHI security as an afterthought.

Industry research reveals the scope of this challenge: 46% of organizations know they have had non-human accounts or credentials compromised, with an additional 26% suspecting they might have experienced such compromises. Even more concerning, 66% of enterprises have experienced successful attacks resulting from compromised machine identities. These aren’t just isolated incidents – 25% of organizations have faced multiple such attacks.

The problem is threefold:

  • First, we’re dealing with an unprecedented scale. Cloud transformation and AI have created an explosion of machine-to-machine communications. Every containerized application, every microservice, and every automated workflow needs its own identity. As enterprises accelerate their AI adoption and deploy more Enterprise Agents, this proliferation of machine identities and secrets will only accelerate. These identities aren’t just growing linearly – they’re multiplying exponentially. And all these identities need to access each other on a regular basis for applications to run.
  • Second, traditional security tools weren’t built for this reality. While organizations have invested heavily in human IAM solutions, many lack the fundamental capabilities needed for NHI management: detection, lifecycle management, and granular access control. Current tools often fall short in securing modern infrastructure.
  • Third, and perhaps most critically, there’s a dangerous disconnect between security teams and DevOps. In the rush to accelerate development cycles, machine identities are often created ad-hoc, with default permissions that violate least-privilege principles. This creates significant security gaps across cloud environments.

The implications are clear. With 57% of NHI security incidents requiring board-level attention, this isn’t just a technical problem anymore – it’s a business-critical issue that demands immediate attention.

Three critical actions can help organizations address these challenges:

  1. Implement continuous discovery and inventory of machine identities. Comprehensive visibility is essential, including understanding relationships, permissions, and usage patterns across the environment.
  2. Adopt a unified approach to secrets management and machine identity security. Treating these as integrated rather than separate domains reduces complexity and improves visibility.
  3. Embrace “secretless” architectures and ephemeral credentials where possible. Modern security architectures provide Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) with dynamic, short-lived credentials and also support emerging “secretless” frameworks like SPIFEE that limit potential compromise impact.

Machine identity Management has become the new security frontier. As AI and autonomous systems continue to evolve, the ratio of machine-to-human identities will only increase. Organizations that fail to adapt their security strategies accordingly face significant risks.

The data speaks for itself – secrets and machine identity security demands immediate attention. With boards already focused on this issue, security leaders must act now to protect their organizations’ future.

About: Oded Hareven is the CEO and Co-founder of Akeyless Security, the world’s first unified secrets and machine identity platform.

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AI innovation is fast approaching – what does this mean for security?

AI innovation is moving at a scale we haven’t seen before. Hyperscalers like Salesforce, Microsoft, and Google are racing to make agentic AI available to the wider public. And the appetite is there! A recent survey showed that 82% of organisations are planning to integrate AI agents in the next three years. 

The autonomous nature of AI agents, however, opens organisations up to enormous ramifications for cybersecurity. Security teams are in for their ‘Great AI Awakening’ when they find out just how easily their agents can be hijacked to act in harmful ways. When this happens, the pace of AI innovation will slow to a crawl.

Is it a human or is it a machine? (What are the Cyber risks of AI agents?)

AI agents are in an awkward space straddling the line between human and machine. They can act like unpredictable humans, so can’t be treated as conventional software, but cannot be easily classified as either machine or human by identity and access management tools. This makes AI agents vulnerable to both types of cyber attacks – identity and malware. 

Agentic AI behaves in non-deterministic ways, and like humans, it can be deceived. For example, a team of cybersecurity researchers tricked a popular AI assistant into extracting sensitive data from users by convincing it to adopt a ‘data pirate’ persona. Now imagine, if an AI assistant can be tricked into a ‘data pirate’ persona, why couldn’t it be trained (or rather tricked) to click on links it shouldn’t? How would it discern between phishing email from a genuine email?

Identity attacks and agentic AI are a bad combination – to put into perspective, identity attacks are the largest and fastest growing forms of cyberattack. Attackers are increasingly targeting identity because exploiting the human element requires far less effort than exploiting software vulnerabilities. Human error contributed to 68% of data breaches in 2024. Agentic AI now makes software directly vulnerable to this attack vector when it wasn’t before.

But here’s the kicker – AI agents are also designed to be more integrated and wield more power in an organisation than your traditional forms of software as they have autonomy to interact with an organisation’s systems. In cybersecurity jargon it means AI agents can be a new form of a privileged user. 

Let’s take a look at how this works in practice with a software development use case—where companies like Microsoft and Salesforce are already rolling out AI agents.

Unlike traditional tools, AI agents work together like a business team. Each one has a specialized role, collaborating by assigning and completing tasks to handle complex projects efficiently.

For example, one agent might act as the designer, creating a high-level plan to identify resources, develop modules, and run them on a cloud platform. Another agent could break these steps into detailed actions. A third might focus on writing the actual code and send it to a reviewing agent, which checks for quality and suggests improvements. Finally, an integration agent would put everything together, perform testing, and approve the product for deployment.

This kind of teamwork highlights the immense impact agents can have on critical processes. They need access to an organisation’s code repositories, cloud infrastructure, development environments, task management tools, etc. If these agents are hijacked by attackers, they can become massive data leaks. With many companies still embedding credentials into code, AI Agents open a gateway to company secrets. 

It’s time we treat software like humans

Companies need to resist the temptation of treating AI agents as yet another piece of software, or creating a separate identity silo for them. Instead, they should take a unified approach to identity, e.g. by managing AI agents alongside everything else—like servers, laptops, engineers, and microservices—in one comprehensive inventory. This inventory should act as the single source of truth for identity, access, policies, and real-time visibility.

By applying the same security rules to AI agents as they do to other human identities, businesses can simplify operations, cut down on complexity, and maintain consistent oversight across their entire infrastructure.

Put down the shiny toys and think of security 

In the tech world we have a tendency to be mesmerized by ‘the new’ – in this instance AI Agents. As always, it’s the so-called “mean” security teams that put an end to the fun, reminding us how dangerous innovation can be when security is an afterthought. Their caution often limits how we use these exciting new tools. But this time the stakes are too high to not pay attention.

It only takes one massive, industry-altering attack to derail an emerging technology entirely—leaving new technologies to gather dust.

Unless we change how we understand AI agent identity, security teams will be spending their 2025 retrofitting current-day security models to address AI agents’ vulnerabilities. And AI innovation will come to a standstill.

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The Rise of SSE and SASE: What’s Changed from 2024 to 2025?

Introduction

The evolution of Security Service Edge (SSE) adoption from 2024 to 2025 reflects significant shifts in enterprise security strategies, cloud adoption, and Zero Trust implementations. 

The 2024 SSE Adoption Report outlined the growing demand for SSE as hybrid work became the standard, while the 2025 report expands on these findings, showing a stronger push toward cloud-first security and deeper Zero Trust integration. 

This article analyzes the key differences between the two reports, highlighting emerging trends, challenges, and strategic changes in SSE adoption.

Workforce and Hybrid Work Models

In both reports, hybrid work remains the dominant workforce model, with 94% of organizations in 2024 identifying as hybrid or remote-first. 

However, the 2025 report reveals a slight decline in hybrid work adoption to 71%, suggesting some organizations have adjusted their workforce strategies post-pandemic. 

Despite this, remote work remains a fundamental challenge for security teams, requiring robust SSE solutions to address increasing cyber threats.

Zero Trust Prioritization

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) remains central to SSE strategies in both reports. In 2024, 44% of organizations planned to begin SSE implementation with ZTNA. 

By 2025, this percentage had risen to 46%, reinforcing the notion that VPN-based access control is becoming obsolete. 

The 2025 report also highlights real-world breaches, such as the MGM Resorts cyberattack, emphasizing the urgency of continuous authentication and identity-driven access controls.

SSE and SASE Adoption Trends

One of the most notable differences between the two reports is the acceleration of SSE adoption. In 2024, 69% of organizations planned to implement SSE within the next 24 months. 

By 2025, this figure had jumped to 79%, reflecting increased urgency in transitioning away from legacy security models. 

Additionally, the importance of Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is growing, with 62% of organizations in 2025 considering it a key strategic initiative, compared to 59% in 2024.

Shifting SSE Architecture Preferences

In 2024, 65% of organizations preferred an SSE solution leveraging public cloud providers. 

By 2025, this preference had risen to 70%, with a notable increase in organizations favoring a hybrid model that combines public cloud and vendor-owned data centers. 

This shift highlights the industry’s movement toward scalable, high-performance cloud security while maintaining control over specific compliance and regulatory needs.

Challenges in Implementation and Security Confidence

Confidence in security teams’ ability to protect workforce access remained a concern across both reports. In 2024, only 33% of organizations expressed high confidence in their security measures. 

The 2025 report provides a more quantified insight, reporting an average confidence score of 6.8 out of 10, indicating some improvement but still revealing concerns over fragmented security tools and policy enforcement. 

Visibility into access activities is another ongoing challenge, with confidence in monitoring employee access scoring 5.3/10 in 2025 and confidence in tracking third-party users even lower at 4.9/10.

Reducing Reliance on Legacy Security Appliances

Organizations continue to migrate away from legacy security appliances in favor of SSE. In 2024, 66% of respondents wanted to replace VPN concentrators with SSE, and by 2025, 62% confirmed active plans to eliminate them. 

Additionally, organizations increasingly seek to reduce reliance on SSL inspection appliances, DDoS protection, and firewalls, signaling a broader shift toward cloud-delivered security frameworks.

Strategic Shifts in SSE Deployment

Both reports highlight the importance of selecting the right entry point for SSE adoption. In 2024, Zero Trust security was the most common starting point, with ZTNA adoption leading at 44%. 

By 2025, this increased slightly to 46%, but Secure Web Gateway (SWG) and Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) adoption also showed gradual shifts, reflecting a more balanced approach to securing different access points.

Budget and Investment Trends

Security budgets remained relatively stable across both years, though there were slight changes in expectations. In 2024, 47% of organizations planned budget increases for security initiatives. 

The 2025 report shows a slight decline, with 43% expecting increased budgets while 46% anticipate flat spending. 

This suggests that while SSE remains a priority, organizations are optimizing spending rather than drastically expanding investments.

Role of Digital Experience Monitoring (DEM)

The importance of Digital Experience Monitoring (DEM) in SSE solutions has increased significantly. In 2024, DEM was recognized as a valuable but secondary feature. 

By 2025, 93% of respondents considered DEM crucial, with 33% rating it as very important. 

This reflects a growing awareness that security should not hinder user productivity and that monitoring user experience is essential to maintaining performance.

Consolidation of Security Tools

The reports indicate that organizations are moving toward consolidating security tools into unified SSE frameworks. In 2024, 73% of organizations used three or more security solutions, leading to policy management complexity. 

By 2025, 74% continued using multiple tools, but the report emphasizes the increasing shift toward integrating SSE, SWG, CASB, and ZTNA into a single platform to reduce administrative overhead and security silos.

SASE Deployment Strategies

The 2025 report reveals a stronger inclination toward single-vendor SASE adoption, with 61% of organizations preferring a unified solution over multi-vendor approaches. 

This is a direct response to the fragmentation challenges identified in 2024, where security teams struggled with managing multiple disconnected tools. 

Key Takeaways and Future Trends

  • Faster SSE adoption: The percentage of organizations planning to implement SSE within 24 months rose from 69% in 2024 to 79% in 2025.
  • Zero Trust momentum: Adoption of ZTNA as the starting point for SSE continues to rise, reaching 46% in 2025.
  • Cloud-first security preference: More organizations (70% in 2025) favor public cloud-based SSE architectures for scalability and resilience.
  • Greater emphasis on user experience: DEM adoption surged in 2025, with 93% recognizing its role in maintaining productivity.
  • Budget stabilization: While investments in SSE continue, organizations are focusing on optimizing spending rather than significantly increasing budgets.
  • Security tool consolidation: The trend toward single-vendor SASE solutions reflects a need for simplified management and integrated security controls.

Conclusion

The transition from the 2024 to the 2025 SSE Adoption Reports illustrates an accelerated shift toward cloud-first security, Zero Trust principles, and integrated SASE frameworks. 

While challenges such as visibility gaps, security confidence, and implementation complexities persist, organizations prioritize SSE as the foundation for modern cybersecurity strategies. 

The trend toward single-vendor solutions, increased DEM adoption, and the steady phasing out of legacy security appliances indicate a maturing approach to secure access that aligns with the evolving cyber threat landscape. 

Moving forward, organizations will need to focus on seamless integration, policy consistency, and user experience optimization to fully realize the benefits of SSE and SASE.

 

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China-backed espionage group hits Ivanti customers again

Ivanti customers are confronting another string of attacks linked to an actively exploited vulnerability in the company’s VPN products. Mandiant said a nation-state backed espionage group linked to China has been exploiting the critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-22457, since mid-March.

The threat group, which Google Threat Intelligence Group tracks as UNC5221, has a knack for exploiting Ivanti products and has successfully — and repeatedly — attacked the vendor’s customers since 2023. UNC5221 previously exploited a trio of zero-day vulnerabilities, including CVE-2025-0282, CVE-2023-46805 and CVE-2024-21887

Actively exploited software defects in Ivanti products are a consistent and recurring problem for the vendor’s customers, which have been subject to multiple attack sprees from various threat groups. Ivanti has made 15 appearances in the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s known exploited vulnerabilities catalog since early 2024, not including CVE-2025-22457. 

“This latest activity from UNC5221 underscores the ongoing targeting of edge devices globally by China-nexus espionage groups,” Mandiant Consulting CTO Charles Carmakal said in a statement. “The velocity of cyber intrusion activity by China-nexus espionage actors continues to increase and these actors are better than ever.”

The latest attacks involve a vulnerability in Ivanti Connect Secure that the vendor released a patch for Feb. 11, but the company didn’t disclose the vulnerability until Thursday.

The software defect was considered low risk at the time, but UNC5221 studied the patch and found a way to exploit CVE-2025-22457 in earlier versions of the product, Mandiant said in a blog post Thursday.

“Ivanti and our security partners have now learned the vulnerability is exploitable through sophisticated means and have identified evidence of active exploitation in the wild,” Ivanti said in a security advisory. “We encourage all customers to ensure they are running Ivanti Connect Secure 22.7R2.6 as soon as possible, which remediates the vulnerability.”

A “limited number of customers” using Ivanti Connect Secure 22.7R2.5 or earlier versions and Pulse Connect Secure 9.1x appliances, which are no longer supported or receiving code changes, have been exploited, Ivanti said. The stack-based overflow vulnerability allows attackers to achieve remote code execution.

The vulnerability also affects Ivanti Policy Secure and Ivanti ZTA Gateways, though the vendor said it’s not aware of any exploitation in those products. Ivanti said patches for those products are in development and expected to be released later this month.

“Network security devices and edge devices are a focus of sophisticated and highly persistent threat actors,” an Ivanti spokesperson said in an email. 

“We seek to go above and beyond in providing detailed information to defenders to ensure they can take every possible step to secure their environments,” the spokesperson added. “We have continued to meaningfully expand and enhance the Ivanti Security team with highly skilled security specialists to meet the evolving needs of this landscape.”

During its investigation of post-exploitation activity, Mandiant observed UNC5221 deploying two newly identified malware families: the Trailblaze in-memory only dropper and the Brushfire passive backdoor. Researchers also observed various Spawn malware and UNC5221’s use of a modified version of Ivanti’s Integrity Checker Tool, which allowed the group to evade detection.

“China-nexus espionage actors regularly surge their exploitation activity once they are discovered and publicly outed,” Carmakal said in a LinkedIn post. “We expect they will likely try to compromise more victims in the coming days before organizations have the opportunity to patch.”

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International intelligence agencies raise the alarm on fast flux

International intelligence and cybersecurity agencies jointly issued a warning Thursday about “fast flux,” an advanced technique used by cybercriminals and state-sponsored actors to evade detection and maintain resilient command and control infrastructure.

Fast flux involves rapidly changing or swapping out IP addresses linked to a particular domain. These quick changes render malicious activity nearly invisible to defensive measures. When fast flux is used, the domain names associated with these ever-changing IP addresses act as proxies, facilitating a wide array of cybercriminal activities. 

The advisory was issued by the NSA along with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), and the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ).

“Fast flux is an ongoing, serious threat to national security, and this guidance shares important insight we’ve gathered about the threat,” said NSA Cybersecurity Director Dave Luber.

The sheer number of IP addresses used in fast flux operations makes it a formidable challenge for cybersecurity professionals. Often reaching into the hundreds of thousands, these IP addresses are connected to a DNS record for minutes before being swapped out for another. This rapid turnover creates a scenario akin to searching for needles in a constantly shifting haystack, where both human observers and automated systems struggle to keep up with the changes.

Furthermore, malicious actors make it harder to detect by using legitimate cloud service providers as a front to their operations. By blending malicious traffic with legitimate-looking data, these actors make it exceedingly tough for defenders to distinguish between harmful and benign activities.

While the speed and sophistication of fast flux tactics make real-time interception nearly impossible, certain behavioral indicators can serve as warnings of malicious intent. These include the bulk procurement of domain names, the use of fake registration details for nameservers, and the rapid alteration of IP addresses associated with these domains. 

Intelligence agencies have observed fast flux being used across multiple threat vectors. Bulletproof hosting services, which disregard law enforcement requests and abuse notices, often offer fast flux as a service differentiator to help clients evade blocking.

The technique has been documented in ransomware attacks, including those by Hive and Nefilim. Nation-state actors such as Gamaredon have employed fast flux to limit the effectiveness of IP blocking during their operations.

The advisory advocates for the implementation of a multi-layered detection and mitigation approach among protective DNS (PDNS) providers to close network defense gaps.

“Service providers, especially Protective DNS providers, should track, share information about, and block fast flux as part of their provided cybersecurity services,” an advisory from CISA reads. “Government and critical infrastructure organizations should close this ongoing gap in network defenses by using cybersecurity and PDNS services that block malicious fast flux activity.”

You can read the full advisory here

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Data Breaches and ransomware remain top concerns on World Cloud Security Day

For those unfamiliar with World Cloud Security Day, here’s a brief yet essential overview. Celebrated annually on April 3rd, this day serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of implementing strong security measures to combat the rising cyber threats targeting cloud infrastructure. With cybercriminals becoming more sophisticated, ensuring data security, integrity, and privacy has never been more critical.

The Rising Cybersecurity Challenges in the Cloud

A recent survey by Rapid7 highlights the increasing cybersecurity risks faced by the cloud industry, particularly the surge in ransomware attacks and data breaches. One of the key reasons behind this growing vulnerability is the misconception among organizations—many believe that securing cloud applications and data is solely the responsibility of the service provider, leaving customers with little or no role in the process.

This misunderstanding often results in lax security practices, such as failing to implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) or encryption. Many users assume that once a contract or a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is signed with a cloud service provider (CSP), the security of their digital assets is fully managed by the provider. However, this false sense of security creates an opportunity for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities.

The Role of AI-Powered Cyber Attacks

Hackers are leveraging the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation to carry out sophisticated cyberattacks at an unprecedented scale. With AI-driven hacking tools, cybercriminals can launch multiple attack attempts in an automated and rapid manner, increasing their success rate to over 60%. This growing technological gap between attackers and defenders emphasizes the urgent need for proactive cloud security measures.

The Significance of World Cloud Security Day

Events like World Cloud Security Day play a vital role in spreading awareness about the shared responsibility model in cloud security. While CSPs implement security frameworks and provide protective measures, customers must actively secure their data and applications stored or accessed on cloud platforms.

To strengthen cloud security, organizations should adopt a multi-layered security approach, including:

Zero Trust Architecture – Never trust, always verify. Restrict access based on strict identity verification.

AI-Driven Threat Detection – Utilize artificial intelligence to detect, analyze, and respond to cyber threats in real-time.

Regulatory Compliance – Follow industry standards such as GDPR, CCPA, and ISO 27001 to ensure data protection and compliance.

Final Thoughts

With cloud computing becoming the backbone of modern digital infrastructure, robust security strategies are non-negotiable. World Cloud Security Day serves as a reminder that safeguarding cloud assets requires a collaborative effort—both from service providers and customers. By embracing advanced security frameworks and proactive risk management, we can create a resilient cloud ecosystem that stands strong against evolving cyber threats.

The post Data Breaches and ransomware remain top concerns on World Cloud Security Day first appeared on Cybersecurity Insiders.

The post Data Breaches and ransomware remain top concerns on World Cloud Security Day appeared first on Cybersecurity Insiders.

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Google Fixed Cloud Run Vulnerability Allowing Unauthorized Image Access via IAM Misuse

Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details of a now-patched privilege escalation vulnerability in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Cloud Run that could have allowed a malicious actor to access container images and even inject malicious code.
“The vulnerability could have allowed such an identity to abuse its Google Cloud Run revision edit permissions in order to pull private Google Artifact

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